South Africa Land Reform Essay - 1368 Words

Land reform is generally defined as relating to the modification of laws, regulations or customs, on the subject of land ownership. It usually encompasses allocations of land ownerships or rights. These transfers could be from a small land owner to government owned cooperative allotments or vice versa. Land reform is an extreme political progression that could cause tensions and conflicts between the individuals involved in the rearrangements, usually originating from dissatisfaction from the losing side. The political aspect of reform is very difficult to elude given the outcome of changes in land tenure arrangements on the social and class structure they represent. There are both advantages and disadvantages to land reform. One of the†¦show more content†¦Most of the time people don’t care who doesn’t have as long as they have enough and able to accumulate more. so in this process there might be a need for protest and violence which might end up claiming a lot of lives. For example the land reform of Zimbabwe took three decades before it was finalized and resolved. A child born when it was started/ initiated was thirty years old by the time it ended. In the Philippines, indigenous people are subjected to major financial hindrances and complications to obtaining their lands under the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act, as the expenses of carrying out land surveys have to be taken care of by the communities. Some communities are even fractionally repossessing their lands, to reduce the survey expenses to what they can have the funds for. And in the case of south Africa, Land reform has fallen far short of expectations an d objectives in every respect: in the quantity of land reallocated, in the mitigation of poverty and unemployment, in the reformation of the agrarian budget to generate opportunities for previously underprivileged individuals and in protecting small farmers and farm workers from eviction. Less than 7% of land has been redistributed to date, and there is no probability that the objective of 1/3 will be accomplished even by the year 2025. Land queries haveShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Gender Inequality1576 Words   |  7 Pagesalready earn less than men in economic spheres (â€Å"Fact Sheet†, 2010). The underlying gender roles and gender inequality that persists in South Africa help not only to explain their unbelievably difficult daily burdens but it also aids in the understanding of the lack of economic and political representation of women in the region (Bentley, 2004). Within South Africa there is a significant gap in the lack of opportunity and representation of women within the economic and political sphere, which directlyRead MoreThe Multifaceted State Of South Africa Underwent Vast Reconstruction1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe multifaceted state of South Africa underwent vast reconstruction after the end of the apartheid in 1994 and experienced transformative changes in the racial, economic and societal relations of the region. Aside from the divisions and devastations the country faced as a result of apartheid the country also opened its economy to international business, deregulating major sectors of its economy and engaging in trade liberalization policies in an attempt to spur economic growth and internationalRead MoreEssay about South Africa and the Native ´s Land Act540 Words   |  3 PagesSouth Africa has been plagued with issues concerning land, poverty and inequality for decades. The connections between these issues throughout hist ory have not only had an affect on the contemporary state of the country itself but also on South Africa in a global context. 100 years since the implementation of the Natives’ Land Act and 20 years since the end of Apartheid, land redistribution, according to the land reform program of 1994, has largely failed. The Natives’ Land Act was passed on JuneRead MoreInternational Responses Of The Apartheid1195 Words   |  5 PagesTHE APARTHEID’S REFORMS FROM THE 1960S TO THE 1980S The National Party (NP) won the national election in 1948 on a platform of segregation and racism under the slogan ‘Apartheid’. To a greater a extent, during the 1980s, the apartheid government came under increasing international pressure to end apartheid. There was no difference between apartheid and the policy of segregation of South Africa which existed before the National Party came into power in 1948. The fact that South Africa made apartheidRead MoreThe Current State Of South Africa1175 Words   |  5 PagesBACKGROUND ON SOUTH AFRICA 1. South Africa was called the hopeless continent 16 years ago. Much of the negative world view stemmed from wounds created by government supported racial segregation which continues to affect South Africa’s economy today; however, the abundant resources and potential economic growth of this country should not be overlooked. Despite wounds from its past South Africa has a wealth of resources which make it an important country to the world and to the United States. South Africa’sRead MoreSouth Africa Apartheid And Oppression1695 Words   |  7 Pages South Africa Apartheid (oppression) Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world today. Racial and religious conflicts; conflicts between dictatorial governments and their citizens; the battle between the sexes; conflicts between management and labor; and conflicts between heterosexuals and homosexuals all stem, in whole or in part, to oppression. It’s similar to an article in south africa that people have with racial segregationRead MoreAnalysis Of Kaffir Boy : The True Story Of A Black Youth Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesauthority. Historically, the apartheid of South Africa is a poignant example of racial division and discrimination. Evidence of racial division is still visible throughout the fairly new democratic nation. European settlements during the 20th century were a direct result of white supremacy and deep racial division, in an attempt to build up a capitalist economy that benefited the white South African elite and lowered the social status of many black S outh Africans in the community. Various peopleRead More Comparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe2326 Words   |  10 PagesComparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe Introduction Comparative politics is concerned with examining the characteristics or qualities of two different political entities to discover resemblances or differences. These entities can be general in nature, for example, the comparison of two countries, or more specific in nature, comparing two different systems of government. But, whether general or specific in nature, comparative politics tries toRead MoreCelie Rourks . English 1 - 7Th Period. 05-01-17. Research1606 Words   |  7 PagesCelie Rourks English 1 - 7th Period 05-01-17 RESEARCH PAPER Who was Nelson Mandela and how did he have an impact on racial problems in South Africa? Nelson Mandela INFORMATION: Nelson Rohihlahia (stirring up trouble) Mandela was born on 18 July 1918, near Umtata, in the Transkei region of South Africa. His father was Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe. Mandela was trained to become the next chief to rule his tribe, but he was also a determined student and eventually joined an all blackRead MoreApartheid in South Africa711 Words   |  3 PagesRacial discrimination dominated South Africa in 1948, and this was further witnessed when the ruling party made the discriminatory apartheid policy into law, in the same year (Pfister, 2005). The Afrikaans word, which literally translates to racial discrimination ‘apartheid’, was legislated and it started with the Dutch and the British rulers. The initiators of apartheid applied it to all social nature of the South African people. For instance, the majority of the population who were Africans was

Albert Pujols Bio Free Essays

Jose Alberto Pujols Alcantara was born on January 16 1980. He was born in the Dominican Republic and was raised there also. He was raised by his grandmother. We will write a custom essay sample on Albert Pujols Bio or any similar topic only for you Order Now At a young age he wanted to follow in his father’s footsteps and become a great baseball player like his father, he had a dream to play in the majors. In 1996 his family immigrated to New York City. Pujols attended Fort Osage High School as a sophomore. In his first year at Fort Osage his batting average was over . 500 and he hit 11 homeruns. He received All-State Honors. In his junior year of High School with only playing one season of high school baseball he started to attract the attention of pro scouts. In his junior year other teams avoided pitching to him as much as they could. With 55 walks in 88 at bats he still hit 8 homeruns. Now the pro scouts advised him to leave High School and find a collage that could get him better exposure. Pujols played in the All-Star game for high schoolers there he drew the attention of Maple Woods Community Collage coach Marty Kilgore. He recruited the 18-year-old star. His main priority was to increase his stock in the upcoming draft of 2000. In his first collage debut he did amazing things. He stared at short stop and batted . 461. He hit a grand slam in the regular season of future all-star Mark Buehrle. He also turned an unassisted triple play. The unassisted triple play is the rarest thing that can happen in baseball. The player turns a triple play by himself without the help of the other players. For his freshman year of collage he hit 22 homeruns and 80 RBI’s. During the Junior College World Series the scouting report on Albert Pujols said it was better to put him on base than to pitch to him. Even though they did not pitch to him anymore the Major league teams had seen enough. Among the teams watching him was the St. Louis Cardinals. The Cardinals had been watching the hard hitting infielder the closest out of all the teams. The Cardinals selected Pujols in the 13th Round of the draft. They offered him a 10,000 dollar bonus for signing but he turned it down and decided to play in the Jayhawks League. There he joined the Hay Larks. It was 4 hours away from where he was living so he moved in with his manager and his wife. In 55 games he topped the Larks in homeruns and in batting average. At the end of the summer the Cardinals finally started to appreciate Pujols and offered him 60,000. He accepted. During the fall ball season he started to learn a new position, Third base. In the winter he returned to his home and married his wife Diadre. She already had a child named Isabella. After that moment they were never separated. In 2000 he was assigned to the Peoria Chiefs a Class A League, his new wife and Isabella followed him. At the Chief he played as their Third baseman. He was named the circuit’s top defensive man at the hot corner, with the best infield arm. During that season there was seven no hitters thrown. Still even with that Pujols finished second in the league with a . 324 batting average, and added 32 doubles, 17 home runs and 84 RBI’s. He only struck out 37 times it under just 400 at bats. The Peoria Chiefs finished under . 500 but Pujols was named League MVP. After that he made his way through the Cardinals farm league teams. He earned a promotion to the Potomac Cannons, then an affiliate of the Cardinals in the Carolina League. After a strong month by Pujols at the Double-A level the St. Louis brass wanted to see him against Triple-A talent. He was promoted again to the Memphis Redbirds, who were preparing for the Pacific Coast League playoffs. In seven games, Albert hit . 367 with two homeruns, as Memphis nipped the Albuquerque Dukes to advance to the PCL championship series. The Redbirds faced the Salt Lake Buzz, a Minnesota Twins farm team and defeated them for the PCL crown. Albert was named the league’s postseason MVP. With injuries on the Cardinals they were able to keep Pujols. To his surprise he found himself on the line-up against the Colorado Rockies playing left field. At three at bats he managed to get one hit. The next game they were on the road. The Cards traveled to Arizona, where Pujols destroyed the Diamondbacks with a homerun, three doubles and eight RBI’s in three games. Included in his offensive barrage was a ringing two-run double off Randy Johnson. In 2003 he injured his elbow, which enabled him to make long throws. He ended the season batting . 359 with 51 doubles, 43 homeruns and 124 RBI’s. He struck out just 65 times in close to 700 plate appearances. In 2005 he was put on the disabled list and missed 15 games. He started playing first base in the all-star game and has been playing first base for the Cards since then. His batting average is . 269 for this year and has hit 7 homeruns. How to cite Albert Pujols Bio, Papers

Hunter S Tompson and Gonzo Journalism Essay Example For Students

Hunter S Tompson and Gonzo Journalism Essay In the late sixties a young journalist and free-lance novelist named Hunter S. Thompson (HST) emerged with a new, crazed and exaggerated brand of reporting. It was sooner or later referred to as Gonzo. HSTs own definition of gonzo has varied over the years, but he still maintains that a good gonzo journalist needs the talent of a master journalist, the eye of an artist/photographer and the heavy balls of an actor and that gonzo is a style of reporting based on William Faulkners idea that the best fiction is far more true than any kind of journalism(Carroll, page 192). Gonzo journalism has also been referred to as outlaw journalism, new journalism, alternative journalism, literary cubism, and other words better not repeated here. With such high profile stages for his writings in Rolling Stone Magazine, The San Francisco Chronicle, Esquire and Vanity Fair, HST has proven that his exaggerated gonzo journalism is as relevant (or even more so) than that of conventional journalists. In this essay, the concept and development of gonzo journalism and its relevance to media and reporting will be thoroughly explored. Dr Hunter S. Thompson is a man of great wit and charisma. He is 62 tall, and, due to the fact that one leg is longer than the other, he tends to bob back and forth. He is apparently always thirsty, and his favorite drinks are known to be Wild Turkey and Chivas Regal. Besides being a writer and failed politician, HST is also a collector of peacocks and guns. HST is also happily divorced with one son, Juan. Dr Thompsons journalism career began in the daily columns of small town newspapers, but because of differences in personality, opinion and style, he did not last long at any of them. HSTs first piece of writing to be labeled gonzo was The Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved written for Scanlans magazine along with illustrations by the well known cartoonist Ralph Steadman (a sample of Mr. Steadmans work will be found on the title page to this essay). As the deadline for the article approached, and with the article still incomplete, HST resorted to ripping out pages of his notebook and sending them to the editors. What resulted was the beginning of gonzo journalism. Many see gonzo journalism to be a variation of a theme, which began with new journalism in the 60s, led primarily by author Tom Wolfe. (The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, etc.) New Journalism was said to have broken all the rules of traditional journalism. The old style journalists were supposed to take an objective point of view in their articles. The new journalists were far more subjective, getting personally involved in the stories they were reporting. New journalism really isnt new at all. Objectivity has been the great myth of journalism. As hard as media sources try to be objective, they can never truly achieve it. Everything from space limitations (a journalist must decide what is and what is not important enough to fit into a column) to illustrations (this gives readers a non-objective picture in their head about the issue) infringe on objectivity. New journalism and gonzo journalism alike pay no regard to the objectivity laws of journalism and instead focus their works very little on the facts but on the facts, as they perceive them. One difference between gonzo journalist Thompson and new journalist Tom Wolfe is that while Wolfe tries to become the fly on the wall, Thompson is very much the fly in the ointment. HSTs writings cannot be taken 100% seriously, as even he admits. Basically its all true. I warped a few things, but basically thats the way it was Thompson said describing his second book, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the heart of the American Dream (quotation found on book cover). If everyone took everything I said seriously they would be missing the whole point of gonzo journalism Thompson explains. Journalist John Sack illustrates a common journalistic dilemma in this quotation: I wrote my story for Stars and Stripes: Seoul, Korea. Gen. .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 , .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .postImageUrl , .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 , .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233:hover , .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233:visited , .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233:active { border:0!important; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233:active , .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233 .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b740a99912f7aa1b37c1be45449b233:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I just couldn't bear it Essay Maxwell Taylor said today that there is no ammunition shortage in Korea. But I also know what he .

Sociocultural In A Play Entails Behavioral â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sociocultural In A Play Entails Behavioral? Answer: Introducation The sociocultural in a play entails the behavioral setting of the characters and the community as an as a whole. In the Macbeth Play by Shakespeare, the sociocultural context is clearly illustrated in the 11th century whereby Scotland was faced with political mistrust and wars. Furthermore, death was common in the kingdom with revenge originating from clans and families. It is also the time that witchcraft is highly practiced; senior members of the community seek witches to know their future political ambition as in the case of Macbeth who is greedy to unseat the king. During this setting witchcraft in the kingdom not strict to anyone caught engaging in witchcraft. In Shakespeares time, witchcraft was so common and was greatly believed in. The witches are considered to be powerful and are able to control the weather as they are witnessed by Macbeth when they vanish. Additionally, Banquo description of the witches is that of fear; he regards them as powerful and ugly. The cultural con text of the witches is accompanied by supernatural powers (Calef, 1969). The social dimension of the kingdom is of naivety; when the king dies mysteriously no one bothers to investigate what happened. The community is easily fooled with the turn of events as Macbeth ambition is to kill in order to acquire power. Macbeth is also naive by letting the witches manipulate his mind to kill his predecessor. Greed for power is a social context that is clearly portrayed by Shakespeare. Macbeths wife will stop at nothing in the quest to acquire power. On the other hand another cultural dimension Conventions of a tragic hero The role of a tragic hero has clearly been portrayed by Shakespeare in this play. It should be noted that a tragic hero is a character who is considered to be of good character but in the long run flops into deviant behavior. His tremendous downfall comes at a time when the kind treated him with high regard. For instance, in the kingdom, he was of honorable nature. After consulting the witches, Macbeth is happy that he has a bright future politically. His once noble character turns out to be an irrational person who thinks of nothing else but power. The ambition that he has blinded him from seeing the destructive path he has created (Gaines, 1976) . By listening to the advice of the witches and Lady Macbeth, it leads to his characters demise. Macbeths tragic flaws make him be a disgrace to the Scottish people who remove him from power. In the long run, Macbeth is beheaded by Macduff. Figurative language In Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses figurative language to appeal to the viewers senses and convey a message in an imaginative way. These include similes, metaphors personification, alliteration, and assonance. In Act 1 Shakespeare uses a simile when the Sergeant reports to the King. `Doubtful it stood as two swimmers.' Another simile occurs in the play when Macbeth is in power by what Angus says. .... Now does he feel his title hang loose about him like a giants robe upon a dwarfish thief ? This was to illustrate that his power was to be for a short while. Metaphor usage is in Act five by Macbeth. Life is but a walking shadow a poor player that struts his power upon the stage to mean that Life compared to an actor doing his lines on stage (Tarantelli, 2010). Biblical Allusion is used by the Sergeant or memorizes another Golgotha which was a place which Jesus was crucified to explain the army he had witnessed. Personification is used by Shakespeare in Act Four new sorrows that strik e heaven on the face. Invited readings Invited reading is the ability of a reader to read a text due to them having a background to do so. In the play, Macbeth by Shakespeare the viewer has a clue Macbeths character trait right from the beginning in Act one. It is no doubt that in the humanity context anyone who commits evil pays for it. Shakespeare begins by illustrating Macbeth as a loyal servant to the king who clearly predicts his downfall by again seeking the witches for power. Moreover, he sheds blood of innocent people which clearly reflects the human conscience. The audience watching the play will be able to tell the ending based on their conscience. After engaging in a good or bad act, the inner voice will an always guide the human mind (Burzy?ska, 2015). The viewer can easily conceptualize the wages of death by the ending of Macbeth. It is also clearly put across by the visitation of ghosts to Macbeth; which clearly showed he was guilty of the acts he committed. References Burzy?ska, K. (2015). Re-gendering of the Nietzschean bermensch in Shakespeares Macbeth and Marlowes Tamburlainethe Case of Lady Macbeth and Zenocrate.Multicultural Shakespeare,12(27). https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mstap-2015-0002 Calef, V. (1969). Lady Macbeth and Infanticide: Or How Many Children Had Lady Macbeth Murdered?.Journal Of The American Psychoanalytic Association,17(2), 528-548. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306516901700213 Gaines, B. (1976). Shakespeare in Tennessee: Anthony Quayle's Macbeth, 1975.Shakespeare Quarterly,27(1), 58. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2869066 Tarantelli, C. (2010). Till destruction sicken: The catastrophe of mind in Macbeth.The International Journal Of Psychoanalysis,91(6), 1483-1501. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-8315.2010.00339.x

Sample Essay For Adult Gerontology Nurse Practitioner

Sample Essay For Adult Gerontology Nurse PractitionerFirst, you need to get a sample essay for adult gerontology nurse practitioner. You can find this online for free. You may want to start with an older adult; there are many women who retire from nursing to go into the business field and build a life for themselves.Once you have got your sample, you need to read it carefully and try to figure out what kind of traits you would like to have in an adult gerontology nurse practitioner. There are many schools that you can take courses at; the best ones will help you think about what kind of personality you would like to have. This type of doctor is very unique; you don't want anyone else doing the job.You need to find a way to write as many words as possible in a short period of time. This can be tricky because you can't sit down and practice, you have to do it when you get the essay finished. You may want to try writing an outline first; you need to have a plan for writing it so that yo u can have a starting point for your work. You can see if the idea is possible to you and then you can work on getting your ideas down.The sample essay for gerontology nurse practitioner you will receive should have the titles of several pages. You can work on writing several chapters at once. You need to remember that each chapter should be short and simple. Keep it simple and compact so that you can create short paragraphs.One of the things that you will need to remember when you are writing your sample essay for gerontology nurse practitioner is that you want to make your subject matter interesting. It will be helpful to use a combination of psychological, sociological, and medical terms to help you to write a brief description of what the area of the job requires. You want to write a detailed description about what the job entails but also stay away from jargon. The dictionary is very helpful for this area of work; you don't want to be making mistakes. This will take a lot of yo ur time and you don't want to waste it writing these essays.When you are writing your sample essay for gerontology nurse practitioner, make sure you include your strengths and weaknesses. This will help you determine what area you are most interested in. You will want to be clear about what you are looking for in an employer; you want to write a resume that is professional looking. Use the sample essay for gerontology nurse practitioner as your guide, if you know how to structure your writing and format it, you can do this job very well. You don't have to try to impress anyone with this job. The person reading it wants to find a job that they will be happy with for the rest of their lives; it is not just for the summer season.Writing a sample essay for gerontology nurse practitioner is not hard to do; it takes a little time to organize and understand what you need to write about. It is not something that you should be trying to write on your own; it is time well spent.

The variations in handwriting that lead to individual characteristics

Handwriting identification relies on the principle that there are individual characteristics that distinguish a person’s handwriting from that of another person. There are no two people in the world, who have the same handwriting just like fingerprints. Handwriting identification is based on the following concepts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The variations in handwriting that lead to individual characteristics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One, there are no two people who have the same writing manner. Two although a person’s handwriting varies, there is habitual features that appear in his or her handwriting and lastly the characteristics that are used to identify each persons’ handwriting vary to a lesser extent than the same characteristics in samples written by other people (Saferstein, 2010). The differences in handwritings have made handwriting identification important in the mod ern world. Handwriting identification is a comparison study that tries to establish the writing in question was done by a specific person through comparison with other texts or samples. In handwriting identification the aspect of variation in handwriting that are considered include; size of the letters, consistency or lack of it while writing, proximity of the letters to the base line, pressure applied while writing, alignment, and the writing instrument used (Mansikki, 2003). How a forensic document examiner analyzes evidence from a photocopier, fax machine, printer, and typewriter The application of various sciences in law is referred to as forensic science. Forensic document examination is the application of allied sciences and analytical techniques to investigate documents. The examination of documents involves analysis and comparison of photocopies, handwriting, typewriting, printing, inks, and other materials in order to establish originality of the materials and detect any al terations. Forensic document examiners may be asked to determine the machine or equipment that was use to produce a document. They may also be asked to establish the specific printer, photocopier, fax, or typewriter that was used to make the document. When examining documents written by a typewriter an examiner tries to look at several things. One, different typewriters are known to cut letters differently. The examiner may also look at the date on the paper and see if it is consistent with the age of the ribbon used in the typewriter. Faxed documents are reduced slightly in size and the line quality is bad. In older models, the faxed document diagonal lines have jagged edges. When a forensic document examiner is investigating these documents, it is important to look at the original document to make comparisons and detect any alterations made. It is also important to look at the TTI (Transmit Terminal Identification) and the RTI (Receiving Terminal Identifier) to see if the document that are in question are authentic (Koppenhaver, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Photocopiers leaves trash marks on the copies made. These trash marks are caused by nicks on the drum and dirt on the glass. A forensic document examiner will seek to see if the trash marks on the paper will be consistent with the ones made on the sample he is trying to seek authenticity. Because of slippage when the paper goes through the photocopier the location of the marks may vary slightly but the marks from each page will align properly (Koppenhaver, 2007). Color printers and photocopiers work by applying multi color and ink on to a paper or any other supporting medium. Many of these machines will form a repeated sequence of inconspicuous yellow dots on the entire surface of the paper or document. These yellow dots are inconspicuous to the eye, but can be seen in the non-printed part of the document when shone with ultraviolet light. Where the relationship and location of the dot relative to the next indicates the serial number of the machine and the date and time the document or paper was made. Forensic document examiners look at these characteristics to make their conclusion about the machine and authenticity of the document (Koppenhaver, 2007). References Huber, R. A. Headrick, A. M. (1999). Handwriting identification: facts and fundamentals. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press Koppenhaver, K. (2007). Forensic document examination: principles and practice. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. Mansikki, P. (2003). Handwriting Identification. Web. Saferstein, R. (2010). Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The variations in handwriting that lead to individual characteristics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The variations in handwriting that lead to individual characteristics was written and submitted by user Keaton Durham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Factors that Contribute to Effective Use of iPads with PMLD Pupils The WritePass Journal

The Factors that Contribute to Effective Use of iPads with PMLD Pupils Introduction The Factors that Contribute to Effective Use of iPads with PMLD Pupils . Waters-Adams, S. (2006). Action Research in Education. Faculty of Education Plymouth. The Factors that Contribute to Effective Use of iPads with PMLD Pupils 1. Introduction The Factors that Contribute to Effective Use of iPads with PMLD Pupils ) recently published an article outlining the role of interactive technology in the SEN classroom, describing pupils as most engaged and motivated when applications were visual and contained sound, music and rewards. An important contributor to the field has been the tablet device, specifically the Apple iPad, a slim, lightweight and multi-touch device for downloading, accessing and interacting with a vast range of applications. To date, little empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the iPad in supporting learning in pupils with PMLD has been conducted and reported, although case studies published by schools that use iPads to support such learners are beginning to emerge. For example, the deputy head teacher at Topcliff School has reported that iPads have had a positive impact and response from their special needs pupils and teachers alike, as the iPad is easy to use, accessible and allows the user to access many well-designed applications, a sentiment shared by the head of music at Mary Elliot Special school, who described the technology as easy to use allowing teachers to feel confident in using ICT, with cheap yet engaging applications. In a blog written by ‘Jwinchester25’ (20 12), a head of year in a generic special school for pupils with a range of special educational needs, the iPad is described as a device that enables and allows learning at any time, with a wealth of sensory applications that are ideal for learners working between p1 and p2, owing to the visual impact and instant feedback provided by its applications. Undoubtedly, the iPad has several factors that are advantageous in supporting the learning of PMLD pupils, including the range and value of its applications, its sleek and easy to use design, and use of touch technology, which can help overcome barriers for pupils facing issues using the traditional mouse and keyboard (Bean, 2012). However, such advantages come with important caveats; teachers must ensure that the device is both adequately positioned and mounted to optimise both vision and interaction (Watson Hyatt, 2010; Rahman, 2012). 2.4. Conclusion Pupils with PMLD have greater difficulties in learning and have additional impairments in functioning and needs that can create barriers to learning. Practitioners and teachers can support pupils to overcome such barriers by providing a learning environment that is stimulating to the senses, and promotes motivation and engagement. The world of technology can augment such learning by enabling pupils with PMLD to communicate and engage with the world around them. However, in order to maximally support such learners, technology must be tailored to the specific and individual needs of each pupil, requiring a thorough and accurate assessment of each pupil’s needs. It would appear that the Apple iPad has great potential to act as a tool for learning for pupils with PMLD, however there remains a gap in the empirical literature regarding the factors that might influence successful use of the iPad in such a teaching environment. 1. Methodology The following chapter discusses the research methodology chosen for the present study and provides the rationale underpinning its selection. As action research was selected as the prime research strategy, this chapter will discuss and explain what action research entails and also provide a brief explanation of the data collection methods that will be employed. Furthermore, the chapter will discuss the technique of sample selection and sample size proposed. The chapter will conclude with a discussion of the research instruments that will be utilised to gather the primary data. 1. Research Strategy According to Lewin (1946), action research is â€Å"a comparative research on the conditions and effects of various forms of social action and research leading to social action (using) a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of a circle of planning, action and fact-finding about the result of the action†. It involves a practical approach to research inquiry in a social institution (Waters-Adams, 2006), and is perhaps more interactive than other research methodologies, as it balances data collection and analysis with problem solving action in the field. This is advantageous as it allows the researcher to derive predictions regarding change within the research site (Reason Bradbury, 2002). It is conceptualised as a collaborative process between the researcher and the research site and population, so it allows not only for observation and reflection, but also action and improvement of practice (Mills, 2006). Action research was particularly appropriate in this context. The author of the present study is an ICT coordinator, and was keen to discover how new technology purchased by the author’s school could be most effectively used with PMLD learners. Action research is often used when a new initiative is about to be implemented, in the absence of knowledge regarding the best method to do so. It allows for the discovery of practical solutions that are directly derived from the specific circumstances of the research site. However, as action research does not involve the objective measurement of phenomena, it can suffer from researcher bias (Mills, 2006). However, all researchers bring a degree of subjectivity shaped by individual experience, and it is the action researcher’s challenge to recognise such bias and build a critical reflexivity into the research process accordingly (Herr Anderson, 2005). Action research can be time consuming, and difficult to conduct in tandem with normal classroom activities. For this reason, Mills (2006) advoc ates developing a timeline of enquiry. The timetable for the current study is as follows: Phase 1 (July 2012): Develop research questions. Phase 2 (August 2012): Conducted critical review of relevant literature. Phase 3 (September 2012): Conduct classroom observation. Disseminate questionnaire to second school. Phase 4 (October 2012): Conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers. Phase 5 (November – December 2012): Data collation and analysis Phase 6 (Early 2013): Review, question and action. Disseminate research findings to interested parties. 3.2. Data Collection According to Mills, â€Å"the importance of data collection is to challenge yourself to explore every possible angle to try to find patterns and seek out new understanding among the data† (2006: 122). The selection of data collection methods forms a fundamental step in the research process and should be underpinned by the concepts of reliability and validity. Reliability relates to the accuracy of the data and urges the researcher to consider whether the data they have collected presents an accurate representation of the reality under study. Validity refers to the essential truthfulness of the data; an assertion that the data collected actually measures the reality under study. Producing high quality research is of particular concern to the action researcher in schools, as the teacher researcher has an additional obligation to their students, and to add to the professional knowledge base (Sagor, 2000). One method of enhancing the quality of research is to triangulate data coll ection; to use more than one source of data during more than one point in time. The present study included questionnaires, observation and semi-structured interviews. The approach therefore was mainly qualitative, although the inclusion of some closed-ended questions in the questionnaire allowed for some limited quantitative enquiry. Questionnaires The questionnaire was designed and will be disseminated via Survey Monkey, an online research resource which allows users to design surveys and collect and analyse data easily. The questionnaire contained both open-ended and closed-ended questions to enable respondents to both answer the specific research questions, and also provide their own responses to add richness to the data. Invitations to participate in this part of the research will be made to members of staff from a different school to the research site, and respondents will be invited to complete the questionnaire via an online link. The questionnaire has been designed specifically to investigate how other schools are integrating iPads into their work with PMLD learners. The main advantage of the questionnaire method is that it potentially allows the researcher to collect a large amount of information in a relatively short amount of time (Mills, 2006). However, the method is notorious for returning lower response rates. Gen erally speaking, postal survey methods have an average response rate of below 10%, whilst typical response rates for online surveys are a little higher, at 20 – 30% (SurveyMonkey, 2012). Observation The observations will be conducted only at the primary research site, and will be participatory in nature, as this allows for more focused naturalistic observation (Bell, 2005). In the present study, observation will take place with four pupils with PMLD as they use iPads as part of normal teaching and learning activities. The observations will be guided by the use of the Engagement Profile (SSATrust, 2010) which will enable the researcher to observe exactly which factors involved in the use of iPads engage pupils. For an example of the Engagement Profile observation sheet refer to Appendix A. Interview The aim of the interview is to elicit information about participant’s attitudes, opinions and perspectives in order to form a meaningful understanding of the phenomena under study (Hannan, 2007). Specifically, this research will include the use of semi-structured interviews, which allow researchers to have a set of specific questions to discuss, but allows for some flexibility on the respondents’ behalf. One interview will be conducted with the class teacher, and will address the ways in which iPads are incorporated into teaching activities with PMLD learners. 1. Sample Size and Sampling Techniques For questionnaire completion, sampling will follow the snowballing technique, a non-probability sampling technique whereby participants in turn recruit future participants from among their acquaintances. In this instance, the link to the online survey will be sent to the target population, with a request that it is passed on to other interested parties. As the likely response rate is as yet unknown, the link will be sent to all possible study participants. The return rate will determine whether any quantitative data analysis will be conducted on the closed-ended survey items. The observations will be limited to four pupils, who will be identified as appropriate for participation via the researcher’s own knowledge of the pupils within the research site, and via discussions with classroom teachers. Only one interview will be conducted with the classroom teacher. Methods were selected that drew upon small samples to provide an in-depth exploration of the area under study, the num ber of observations and interviews was restricted to maximise the effectiveness of such in-depth exploration (see Kruger Casey, 2009 for a discussion regarding sample size when using qualitative methods. 4. Ethical Considerations Of prime concern to any researcher, are the ethical considerations and implications of their work. A full understanding of research ethics, and adherence and accountability to an ethical framework can provide a solid base for the research work in order to achieve completion of said research successfully (Willis, Inman and Valenti, 2010). Adherence to ethical considerations in research promotes the aims of research; prohibiting the falsification of results avoids error. Ethical norms ensure that the researcher remains accountable to the public and can prevent harm; therefore prior to the commencement of any piece of research, it is essential to consider all the ethical implications that may present themselves throughout all stages of the study. Central to research ethics is the issue of consent. The proposed study will provide interview participants with a Participant Information Form (PIF) detailing exactly the aims and processes of the research, and the contact details of the resear cher. A consent form will be given with the PIF for both the participant and researcher to sign. The form will detail the participants’ right to refuse to participate, and right to withdraw consent at any point during the research, without penalty. As the pupil observations will be conducted as part of normal teaching and learning activities, it is not necessary to seek permission from parents. In a dissertation work, keeping the personal details of the respondents secured is a prime ethical requirement, therefore, another major ethical consideration of the proposed study relates to anonymity and confidentiality. Conducting any research within the workplace could raise concerns among participants; therefore the interviews and Engagement Profiles will be anonymised and assigned codes rather than names. Surveys will be conducted anonymously via SurveyMonkey, access to data will be strictly limited to the researcher, and all participants will have the right to access their own information. References Bean, I. (2012) A helping hand. SEN Magazine, February 2012. 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